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College Savings Plan
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Prepaid Tuition Plan
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ESA
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Custodial Accounts
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Savings Bonds
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Ownership/ Control
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Contributor.
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Contributor.
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Contributor.
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Custodian until child reaches age of majority.
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Contributor.
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Investment Choices
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Typically, plans provide several investment options.
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None.
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No restrictions.
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No restrictions.
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Savings bonds
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Age Limits
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None.
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Plan may set age or grade limits.
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Except for special needs children, no contributions can be made after a child reaches age 18 and withdrawals must be made before beneficiary reaches age 30.
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Minor child.
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Owner must be at least 24 before the bond's issue date (not purchase date).
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Expenses Covered Besides Tuition & Fees
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Qualified education expenses for post-secondary education.
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With a few exceptions, only tuition and mandatory fees for post-secondary education are covered.
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Qualified elementary and secondary education expenses or qualified higher education expenses.
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No restrictions on types of expenses.
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Tuition and mandatory fees for post-secondary education and contributions to 529s and ESAs.
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Contribution Limit
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Varies from plan to plan. Majority of plans permit total contributions in excess of $200,000 per beneficiary.
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Fixed by terms of contract you purchase.
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Contributor: $2,000 per beneficiary per year. Beneficiary: $2,000, does not matter how many ESAs are set up.
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No limit.
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No limit.
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Federal Tax Advantages
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Earnings grow tax deferred and are tax-free if used for qualified education expenses.
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Earnings grow tax deferred and are tax-free if used for qualified education expenses.
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Earnings grow tax deferred and are tax-free if used for qualified education expenses.
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$950 in earnings are tax-free.
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Interest grows tax-deferred and is tax-free if used for qualified education expenses.
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State Tax Advantages
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Varies from state to state, but some states provide tax deduction for contributions, tax-free earnings growth, and tax-free withdrawals for qualified education expenses.
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Varies from state to state, but some states provide tax-deduction for contributions, tax-free earnings growth, and tax-free withdrawals for qualified education expenses.
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None.
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None.
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Interest is usually tax-exempt from state and local taxes.
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Income Phase-Out
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None.
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None.
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No, if MAGI is less than $110,000 (single) and $220,900 (joint).
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None.
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No, if MAGI less than: $84,950 (single) and $134,900 (joint or qualified widow(er)).
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Penalties for Non-Qualified Withdrawals
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Earnings are taxed as ordinary income and may be subject to 10% penalty.
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Earnings are taxed as ordinary income and may be subject to 10% penalty.
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None.
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None.
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Interest earned is taxed as income.
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